I. Overview of Power Electronic Components Power Electronic Devices, also known as power semiconductor devices, are used for high power in power conversion and power control circuits (usually referring to currents of tens to thousands of amps and voltages of several hundred volts or more). Electronic devices. Since the late 1980s, the development of power electronic components has experienced the era of rectifiers, inverters, and inverters, and it has also promoted the application of power electronics in many emerging fields.
Power semiconductor devices that combine high-frequency, high-voltage, and large currents, represented by power MOSFETs and IGBTs, developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s, indicate that traditional power electronics have entered the era of modern power electronics.
Power electronic devices, including inverters, power quality products, and electronic power products, transform traditional industries such as electricity, machinery, mining and metallurgy, transportation, chemicals, and textiles, as well as aerospace, lasers, communications, and robotics. The high-tech industries and the current state's support and support for the efficient use of energy are crucial.
Second, the trend of development of power electronic components With the rapid development of power electronics technology, modern power electronic devices are also rapidly and steadily developing toward high power, easy drive and high frequency. The application fields of power electronics technology are also constantly expanding, especially in heavy industry applications such as power, mining, metallurgy, and steelmaking, and power electronics technology continues to play its own advantages.
As the power electronics has a very important position in the national economy, in order to be able to use electric energy reasonably and efficiently, 75% of the electricity in modern developed countries must be transformed or controlled before use. It is expected that by the end of the 21st century, this number will rise to over 95%. However, the electrical energy conversion in China is still far from the effect achieved by applying power electronics technology. By the end of 2010, China’s electricity demand will reach 381 million kWh, and the total installed capacity of power generation will reach 852 million kilowatts. From this we can see that the potential for the development of power electronics technology in China is still very large.
Third, the power electronics technology in the frequency converter and electronic power applications 1, has 2000-3000 million yuan total market capacity of the inverter converter is the use of power semiconductor devices on and off the role of power frequency power conversion to another frequency power control The device can realize the functions of soft starting, variable frequency speed regulation, improved running accuracy, change of power factor, overcurrent/overvoltage/overload protection of AC asynchronous motors. It is the application of frequency conversion technology and microelectronics technology to control the power transmission elements of the AC motor by changing the frequency and amplitude of the motor power supply. Therefore, the inverter has also become a "modern industrial vitamin."
The inverter has a large market space and plays a very important role in power, textile, printing and dyeing, machinery, petrochemical and other industries and projects. In China, the inverter market is in a process of high growth. For a long time, China's inverter market has maintained a growth rate of 12%-15%. Moreover, in the next five years, it will still maintain a growth rate of more than 10%. According to the current speed of development and market demand, China's inverter market can gradually become saturated after at least 10 years.
As the demand for the frequency converter market continues to expand and the speed of development continues to increase, domestic production companies have increased year by year. Well-known foreign manufacturers have also come to invest and build factories in China. However, there is still a large gap between domestic and foreign large enterprises in terms of technology. For some high-voltage, high-capacity inverters are still in the development stage, the core technology is subject to people, domestic semiconductor power devices required by the inverter Production is almost zero, and it has to rely on imports. All of these have brought both opportunities and challenges to domestic manufacturers of power electronic components.
2. Electronic power market power sources with more than 17 billion yuan include electronic power sources and chemical and physical power sources, and electronic power applications related to power electronics technology. An electronic power supply is a power supply device that transforms and controls a utility grid or some type of electrical energy to provide high-quality electrical power to various types of electrical loads.
Switching power supply has a market size of at least 5 billion yuan each year. Among them, the DC/DC converter module power supply accounts for about 25%, AC/DC converters account for about 75%. Since China’s investment in communications is relatively concentrated, the proportion of communication power in the total switching power supply is also large. According to estimates, the total amount of switching power supply in the country has reached more than RMB 10 billion.
Modern UPS generally adopts pulse width modulation technology and modern power electronic devices such as power MOSFETs and IGBTs. The use of modern power electronics reduces power supply noise and increases power and reliability. According to statistics, the annual growth rate of the mid-large power UPS market will be about 5% from 2009 to 2011, and the medium- and large-power market will become the main driving force for the development of the UPS industry.
Fourth, a new type of power electronic devices 1, high-voltage rectifier gallium arsenide high-frequency rectifier diodes With the continuous increase in the switching frequency of the converter, the requirements for fast recovery diodes will also increase. It is well known that gallium arsenide diodes have superior high-frequency switching characteristics than silicon diodes, but due to process technology and other reasons, gallium arsenide diodes have lower withstand voltage and practical applications are limited. In order to meet the needs of high voltage, high speed, high frequency and low EMI applications, gallium arsenide high frequency rectifier diodes have been successfully developed. Compared with silicon fast recovery diodes, this new type of diode has significant characteristics such as small reverse current leakage, low switching loss, and good reverse recovery.
2. Silicon carbide power device SIC (silicon carbide) is currently the most mature wide bandgap semiconductor material and is also very important in power electronics. It can produce high temperature (300°C～500°C) and high frequency with excellent performance. , high power, high speed, anti-radiation devices. SIC high-power, high-voltage devices are important for energy conservation in public transportation and electric vehicles. New devices using SIC will emerge in the next 5 to 10 years and will have a revolutionary impact on semiconductor materials.
SIC can be used to manufacture RF and microwave power devices, high frequency rectifiers, MESFETs, MOSFETs, and JFETs. SIC high-frequency power devices have been successfully developed at Motorola and applied to microwave and radio frequency devices; US General Electric is developing SIC power devices and high-temperature devices; Westinghouse has already manufactured VHF MESFETs operating at 26 GHz; ABB is developing high-voltage, high-power SIC rectifiers and other SIC low-frequency power devices for industrial and power systems.
Theoretical analysis shows that SIC power devices are very close to the ideal power device. We can foresee that the development of various SIC devices will become one of the major trends in the field of power device research. However, we must also clearly see that the mechanism, theory, and manufacturing process of SIC materials and power devices all have a large number of problems that need to be resolved. It will really bring a new revolution in the field of power electronics and it is estimated that it will take time to wait. .
V. Conclusion:
The application of power electronic components has penetrated into all aspects of industrial production and social life, and the actual needs will greatly promote the continuous innovation of devices. Power electronic devices are entering the era of new generation power electronic devices with new devices as the main body, which will basically replace traditional devices. "Generation devices determine a generation of power electronics technology." As the decisive factor in the development of power electronics technology, the research and development of power electronic devices and breakthroughs in key technologies will inevitably promote the rapid development of power electronics technology, thus promoting the development of power electronics technology. The rapid development of traditional industries and high-tech industries.
Power semiconductor devices that combine high-frequency, high-voltage, and large currents, represented by power MOSFETs and IGBTs, developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s, indicate that traditional power electronics have entered the era of modern power electronics.
Power electronic devices, including inverters, power quality products, and electronic power products, transform traditional industries such as electricity, machinery, mining and metallurgy, transportation, chemicals, and textiles, as well as aerospace, lasers, communications, and robotics. The high-tech industries and the current state's support and support for the efficient use of energy are crucial.
Second, the trend of development of power electronic components With the rapid development of power electronics technology, modern power electronic devices are also rapidly and steadily developing toward high power, easy drive and high frequency. The application fields of power electronics technology are also constantly expanding, especially in heavy industry applications such as power, mining, metallurgy, and steelmaking, and power electronics technology continues to play its own advantages.
As the power electronics has a very important position in the national economy, in order to be able to use electric energy reasonably and efficiently, 75% of the electricity in modern developed countries must be transformed or controlled before use. It is expected that by the end of the 21st century, this number will rise to over 95%. However, the electrical energy conversion in China is still far from the effect achieved by applying power electronics technology. By the end of 2010, China’s electricity demand will reach 381 million kWh, and the total installed capacity of power generation will reach 852 million kilowatts. From this we can see that the potential for the development of power electronics technology in China is still very large.
Third, the power electronics technology in the frequency converter and electronic power applications 1, has 2000-3000 million yuan total market capacity of the inverter converter is the use of power semiconductor devices on and off the role of power frequency power conversion to another frequency power control The device can realize the functions of soft starting, variable frequency speed regulation, improved running accuracy, change of power factor, overcurrent/overvoltage/overload protection of AC asynchronous motors. It is the application of frequency conversion technology and microelectronics technology to control the power transmission elements of the AC motor by changing the frequency and amplitude of the motor power supply. Therefore, the inverter has also become a "modern industrial vitamin."
The inverter has a large market space and plays a very important role in power, textile, printing and dyeing, machinery, petrochemical and other industries and projects. In China, the inverter market is in a process of high growth. For a long time, China's inverter market has maintained a growth rate of 12%-15%. Moreover, in the next five years, it will still maintain a growth rate of more than 10%. According to the current speed of development and market demand, China's inverter market can gradually become saturated after at least 10 years.
As the demand for the frequency converter market continues to expand and the speed of development continues to increase, domestic production companies have increased year by year. Well-known foreign manufacturers have also come to invest and build factories in China. However, there is still a large gap between domestic and foreign large enterprises in terms of technology. For some high-voltage, high-capacity inverters are still in the development stage, the core technology is subject to people, domestic semiconductor power devices required by the inverter Production is almost zero, and it has to rely on imports. All of these have brought both opportunities and challenges to domestic manufacturers of power electronic components.
2. Electronic power market power sources with more than 17 billion yuan include electronic power sources and chemical and physical power sources, and electronic power applications related to power electronics technology. An electronic power supply is a power supply device that transforms and controls a utility grid or some type of electrical energy to provide high-quality electrical power to various types of electrical loads.
Switching power supply has a market size of at least 5 billion yuan each year. Among them, the DC/DC converter module power supply accounts for about 25%, AC/DC converters account for about 75%. Since China’s investment in communications is relatively concentrated, the proportion of communication power in the total switching power supply is also large. According to estimates, the total amount of switching power supply in the country has reached more than RMB 10 billion.
Modern UPS generally adopts pulse width modulation technology and modern power electronic devices such as power MOSFETs and IGBTs. The use of modern power electronics reduces power supply noise and increases power and reliability. According to statistics, the annual growth rate of the mid-large power UPS market will be about 5% from 2009 to 2011, and the medium- and large-power market will become the main driving force for the development of the UPS industry.
Fourth, a new type of power electronic devices 1, high-voltage rectifier gallium arsenide high-frequency rectifier diodes With the continuous increase in the switching frequency of the converter, the requirements for fast recovery diodes will also increase. It is well known that gallium arsenide diodes have superior high-frequency switching characteristics than silicon diodes, but due to process technology and other reasons, gallium arsenide diodes have lower withstand voltage and practical applications are limited. In order to meet the needs of high voltage, high speed, high frequency and low EMI applications, gallium arsenide high frequency rectifier diodes have been successfully developed. Compared with silicon fast recovery diodes, this new type of diode has significant characteristics such as small reverse current leakage, low switching loss, and good reverse recovery.
2. Silicon carbide power device SIC (silicon carbide) is currently the most mature wide bandgap semiconductor material and is also very important in power electronics. It can produce high temperature (300°C～500°C) and high frequency with excellent performance. , high power, high speed, anti-radiation devices. SIC high-power, high-voltage devices are important for energy conservation in public transportation and electric vehicles. New devices using SIC will emerge in the next 5 to 10 years and will have a revolutionary impact on semiconductor materials.
SIC can be used to manufacture RF and microwave power devices, high frequency rectifiers, MESFETs, MOSFETs, and JFETs. SIC high-frequency power devices have been successfully developed at Motorola and applied to microwave and radio frequency devices; US General Electric is developing SIC power devices and high-temperature devices; Westinghouse has already manufactured VHF MESFETs operating at 26 GHz; ABB is developing high-voltage, high-power SIC rectifiers and other SIC low-frequency power devices for industrial and power systems.
Theoretical analysis shows that SIC power devices are very close to the ideal power device. We can foresee that the development of various SIC devices will become one of the major trends in the field of power device research. However, we must also clearly see that the mechanism, theory, and manufacturing process of SIC materials and power devices all have a large number of problems that need to be resolved. It will really bring a new revolution in the field of power electronics and it is estimated that it will take time to wait. .
V. Conclusion:
The application of power electronic components has penetrated into all aspects of industrial production and social life, and the actual needs will greatly promote the continuous innovation of devices. Power electronic devices are entering the era of new generation power electronic devices with new devices as the main body, which will basically replace traditional devices. "Generation devices determine a generation of power electronics technology." As the decisive factor in the development of power electronics technology, the research and development of power electronic devices and breakthroughs in key technologies will inevitably promote the rapid development of power electronics technology, thus promoting the development of power electronics technology. The rapid development of traditional industries and high-tech industries.
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