Renowned inventor and author Ray Kurzweil recently collaborated with the Gmail team at Google to develop an AI system capable of automatically responding to emails for research purposes. He recently engaged in a thoughtful conversation with Nicholas Thompson, editor-in-chief of Wired magazine, at the Council on Foreign Relations. The following is a refined version of their discussion.
[Nicholas Thompson]: Let’s begin with your concept of the law of accelerating returns, which has been central to your work and writings.
[Ray Cozwell]: When the Human Genome Project was halfway done, only 1% of the genome had been sequenced after seven years. Critics argued that it would take 700 years, but I thought, “Wow, we’ve already achieved 1%—that means we’re almost there.†Because if it doubles every year, it quickly catches up. Indeed, the project was completed seven years later, and the cost of sequencing dropped from $1 billion to just $1,000 today. This exponential growth is the core of the law of accelerating returns, driving the digital revolution we see today. For instance, the price-performance ratio of computing power has improved so rapidly that you can now get more advanced technology at half the price of two years ago. This trend is reshaping industries—from smartphones to healthcare, and even education, where free resources like online encyclopedias are becoming more valuable than ever.
Looking ahead, we’ll see more innovations like 3D printing, which will allow us to produce everything from clothing to buildings. Open-source designs will be freely available, coexisting with traditional industries. We’ll also see breakthroughs in food production through vertical farming and lab-grown meat, making food more sustainable and affordable. These developments will redefine how we live and interact with technology.
[Nicholas Thompson]: You mentioned that AI is already better than humans in certain tasks. When will it surpass us in communication?
[Ray Cozwell]: We already have systems like smart replies in Gmail that understand context and provide relevant responses. While this isn’t full human-like conversation yet, it’s a step toward that goal. I believe the Turing test is a good benchmark for true AI. I predict that by 2029, we’ll reach a point where AI can pass as human in many scenarios. It’s not about being overly optimistic or pessimistic—it’s about understanding the trajectory of progress. The AI community is becoming more confident, and I’m increasingly convinced we’re close to a major milestone.
[Nicholas Thompson]: How should policymakers approach the rapid advancement of technology?
[Ray Cozwell]: Technology is a double-edged sword, just like fire. It can help or harm. Policymakers must first recognize the opportunities—like solving poverty and disease—and then address the risks. The key is to guide development constructively, rather than banning or slowing it down. The Asilomar Conference on biotechnology serves as a model, where ethical guidelines were established early on. Similarly, we need to create frameworks for AI that promote safety and fairness without stifling innovation.
[Nicholas Thompson]: What are your concerns about the future of AI?
[Ray Cozwell]: I’m an optimist, but I also recognize the dangers. Technologies like AI can be misused, especially if they fall into the wrong hands. However, I believe we can overcome these challenges through responsible development and global cooperation. The key is to ensure that AI is used to benefit humanity, not to cause harm.
[Nicholas Thompson]: What advice do you have for people entering the workforce in this rapidly changing world?
[Ray Cozwell]: Follow your passion, and stay adaptable. AI won’t replace humans—it will enhance our abilities. Just as smartphones have become essential tools, future technologies will help us solve complex problems. Embrace change, and use the tools available to make a positive impact on the world.
1.0mm (.039") Female Headers
Overview
Whenever there is a need for fitting small-sized connectors in compact devices, the 1.0mm pitch female header, or sometimes referred to as header connector, is ideally suited for this application. Not only does this female header space-savvy, but it is also designed for vacuum pick and place that makes it suitable for high volume automated manufacturing.Antenk offers these low profile, easy-install, SMT or THM miniature female connector plugs at high quality and affordable China-quoted price, for board-to-board connection, snuggly fitting the pins of a male header and acting as a receptacle.
Assembly and service is simple with either vertical (straight), elevated or at a right angle configuration/orientation, which can dissipate current of about 1.0 A or less in a tape and reel packaging. The filleted corners can also remove shadowing allowing optimization of LED output.
Also, the 1.0mm pitch female headers are made to work in Arduino boards, Arduino Pro and Arduino Mega with either single or double-row female headers, facilitating connections for programming and incorporation into other circuits. They have the perfect height for clearing the USB-B connector and great for stacking multiple shields.
Female header always called as [Header connector", Antenk provide widely range of header connector, from 2.54mm (.100″ inch) pitch to 1.0mm (.039″ inch) pitch. The number of pins (contacts) is from 2 to 40 pins per orw. There are three type: Straight (Dip Vertical), Right angle, SMT (surface mount).
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Applications of 1.0mm Pitch Female Headers
Its small size is most suitable for PCB connections of small equipment and devices such as:
Arduino Boards
Architectural and sign lighting
Retail and display lighting
Fluorescent LED retrofit lighting
Cabinet or furniture lighting
Commercial / residential cove lighting
WiFi equipment
Gaming consoles,
Measurement instruments
Medical Diagnostic and Monitoring equipment
Communications: Telecoms and Datacoms
Industrial and Automotive Control and Test
Mount Type: Through-hole vs Surface Mount
At one side of this female header is a series of pins which can either be mounted and soldered directly onto the surface of the PCB (SMT) or placed into drilled holes on the PCB (THM).
Best used for high-reliability products that require stronger connections between layers.
Aerospace and military products are most likely to require this type of mounting as these products experience extreme accelerations, collisions, or high temperatures.
Useful in test and prototyping applications that sometimes require manual adjustments and replacements.
1.0mm vertical single row female header, 1.0mm vertical dual row female header, 1.0mm Elevated single row female header, 1.0mm Elevated dual row female Header, 1.0mm right-angle single row female header and 1.0mm right-angle dual row female header are some examples of Antenk products with through-hole mount type.
Surface-Mount
The most common electronic hardware requirements are SMT.
Essential in PCB design and manufacturing, having improved the quality and performance of PCBs overall.
Cost of processing and handling is reduced.
SMT components can be mounted on both side of the board.
Ability to fit a high number of small components on a PCB has allowed for much denser, higher performing, and smaller PCBs.
1.0mm Right-angle Dual Row female header, 1.0mm SMT Single row female header, 1.0mm SMT Dual row female header and 1.0mm Elevated Dual Row female Header are Antenk`s SMT female headers.
Soldering Temperature for 1.0mm Pitch Female Headers
Soldering SMT female connectors can be done at a maximum peak temperature of 260°C for maximum 60 seconds.
Orientation/Pin-Type: Vertical (Straight) and Right-Angle
1.0mm pitch female headers may be further classified into pin orientation as well, such as vertical or straight male header or right-angle female header.
Vertical or Straight Female Header Orientation
One side of the series of pins is connected to PCB board in which the pins can be at a right-angle to the PCB surface (usually called "straight" or [vertical") or.
Right-Angle Female Header Orientation
Parallel to the board's surface (referred to as "right-angle" pins).
Each of these pin-types have different applications that fit with their specific configuration.
PCB Connector Stacking
Profile Above PCB
This type of configuration is the most common way of connecting board-to-board by a connector. First, the stacking height is calculated from one board to another and measured from the printed circuit board face to its highest insulator point above the PCB.
Elevated Sockets/Female Headers
Elevated Sockets aka Stacked sockets/receptacles or Mezzanine are simply stacked female headers providing an exact distance requirement between PCBs that optimizes electrical reliability and performance between PCB boards.
Choosing this type of stacking configuration promotes the following benefits:
Connector Isolation - the contacts are shrouded preventing cable connection mishaps and good guidance for the mating header connectors.
For off-the-shelf wireless PCB module, stacking height is optimized with elevated sockets.
Offers superior strength and rigidity.
Polarisation prevents users from inverted insertion.
Single, Dual or Multiple Number of Rows
For a 1.0mm straight or vertical female header, the standard number of rows that Antenk offers ranges from 1 to 2 rows. However, customization can be available if 3 ,4 or n number of rows is needed by the customer. Also, the number of contacts for the single row is about 2-40 pins while for dual row, the number contacts may vary from 2-80 pins.
Pin Material
The pins of the connector attached to the board have been designed with copper alloy. With customer`s demand the pins can be made gold plated.
Custom 1.0mm Pitch Female Headers
Customizable 1.0 mm pitch female headers are also available, making your manufacturing process way faster as the pins are already inserted in the headers, insulator height is made at the right size and the accurate pin length you require is followed.
Parts are made using semi-automated manufacturing processes that ensure both precision and delicacy in handling the headers before packaging on tape and reel.
Tape and Reel Packaging for SMT Components
Antenk's SMT headers are offered with customizable mating pin lengths, in which each series has multiple number of of circuits, summing up to a thousand individual part number combinations per connector series.
The tape and reel carrier strip ensures that the headers are packaged within accurately sized cavities for its height, width and depth, securing the headers from the environment and maintaining consistent position during transportation.
Antenk also offer a range of custom Tape and reel carrier strip packaging cavities.
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ShenZhen Antenk Electronics Co,Ltd , https://www.antenk.com