The United States proposed "organic engineering" to create "biological hybrid robots"

In a groundbreaking development, Case Western Reserve University has introduced the concept of "organic engineering," a new interdisciplinary field that merges robotics with tissue engineering to develop "biological hybrid robots." This emerging area is gaining attention as it combines 3D printing technology with biological systems, opening up exciting possibilities in bioengineering and robotics. The idea was popularized by Dr. Vickie Webster-Wood, a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering at Case Western Reserve University. Her recent research paper introduced the term "organic engineering" as a way to unify and standardize the discussion around these hybrid systems. The goal is to create a common framework for researchers worldwide, making it easier to collaborate and advance the field. One of her notable achievements includes developing a small, biohybrid robot made from jellyfish muscle cells mounted on a 3D-printed polymer base. This tiny robot can swim when stimulated by electrical pulses in an aqueous sugar solution. While this is just one example, it serves as a foundational platform for further exploration in the field. Webster-Wood emphasizes that the field is still in its early stages, with no standardized terminology. She points out that while tissue engineering has advanced significantly, using biomaterials to create functional structures, and robotics has also evolved rapidly, the two fields have used different vocabularies. To bridge this gap, she proposed a classification system based on four key elements: structure, actuator, sensor, and controller—each of which exists in both robotic and organic systems. Additionally, she introduced an "organized glossary" to help researchers communicate more effectively about these hybrid robots. According to her, having a shared language will prevent redundant work and allow scientists to build on each other’s progress. She noted that while this is not as flashy as some futuristic visions, such as sea otter-like machines, the potential impact is just as significant. The field is growing fast, and with the integration of 3D printing and living tissues, the future of biohybrid robots looks promising. In her latest publication, titled “Organic Engineering: Keys to the Classification of Robots for Equipment Using Organic Materials,” published in *Scientific Robotics*, she outlines how the use of organic materials can lead to fully biological robots. This work marks a significant step toward a more unified and structured approach in this cutting-edge field. As the research progresses, it will be fascinating to see how these biological hybrid robots evolve and what practical applications they might bring. With the introduction of "organic engineering," the path forward seems clearer—and more collaborative.

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