An article to understand how to improve the efficiency of LED bulbs with high-voltage LEDs

There are many advantages to replacing light-tight incandescent light bulbs with LEDs as light sources. In general, we connect the small (5-9) LEDs in series and use a single power supply to convert the line voltage to a low voltage (usually tens of volts). The current is about 350 to 700 mA. In determining how to best isolate users from the line voltage, we need to think carefully and weigh the pros and cons. We can achieve isolation in the power supply, or we can do this isolation during LED installation. In some low power designs, LED physical isolation is a common method because it allows the use of lower cost non-isolated power supplies.

Figure 4 Boost power supply is smaller and more efficient

FIG. 4 is a photograph of the power source depicted in the schematic diagram of FIG. Even though this kind of power supply produces roughly the same output power, there are also some significant differences that affect the size of the power supply. Boost power inductors are significantly smaller in size because of their lower energy storage requirements. The buck power supply has a larger resistor than a boost power supply. The resistor is a dummy load resistor (R20 in Figure 2) that determines when the dimmer turns on the Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR). The reason for this need to do so is that the dimmer has an electromagnetic interference (EMI) suppression capacitor next to the triac assembly, and its voltage under no-load conditions is relatively high relative to the power supply. This disturbs the power supply and causes unstable dimming. This is not needed when using a boost power supply because the LED is connected to the input through a boost inductor and provides sufficient load for it, so the above problem is not a problem. The back of the board is not shown in the figure, but as the diagram shows, the buck power supply has more low-level circuits. Therefore, the boost power supply has lower power consumption, which is extremely important in space-limited applications such as LED bulb replacement.

In short, high-voltage LEDs can help increase the service life of screw-in LED bulbs due to their low power consumption and small temperature rise. It is achieved by using a step-up power supply instead of a step-down power supply to increase the efficiency of the power supply. The loss of the boost power supply is about half that of a buck regulator. In addition, the boost power supply has fewer components, better power factor, and smaller size, and it is easier to achieve dimming using the triac assembly.

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