Demystifying Quantum Communication: Unbreakable Communication

Quantum-secure communication has been realized in engineering and industrialization, and the quantum information industry will soon be established.

Confidential communication is a very important scientific research field. It has a long and mysterious history. It has been continuously improved and improved with the development and progress of technology. To this day, is there a secret method that is absolutely unbreakable and can make the information transmitted absolutely safe and reliable?

Quantum communication is by far the only communication method that has been strictly proved to be unconditionally secure. So, what exactly is "quantum communication"? What is its technical path choice? What are the current development achievements in the field of quantum communication in China? What is its potential application and future prospects? Let us ask experts, visit companies, and unveil the mystery of quantum communication.

Where is the "God" of quantum communication?

When you look at the computer screen from a distance, you will find that the pictures in the computer are continuous; however, when you look at the screen carefully with a magnifying device, those continuous pictures are made up of a minimum unit of grain. "Pixel point" is composed.

The same is true of quantum. It sounds mysterious, but it is always around us every day. For example, the light that is common in our daily life is composed of a large number of light quanta. In the microscopic field, changes in certain physical quantities are performed in a minimum unit jump, not continuously. Quantum is like the smallest "pixel" in a computer screen, and it is the smallest unit of energy.

"Quantum communication refers to the communication technology based on the basic principles of quantum mechanics or quantum properties based on matter. It is an emerging communication technology that combines quantum technology with modern communication technology. It can theoretically realize unconditionally secure link data transmission. It is considered It is the most important technical means to ensure the security of future communications." Li Jian, director of the Intelligent Network Security Laboratory of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, believes.

Wang Xiangbin, a professor of physics at Tsinghua University, said: "Quantum communication, in simple terms, is a communication method based on the single quantum state of light, to accomplish communication tasks that cannot be accomplished by classical communication means, such as confidentiality tasks."

Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, chief scientist of the "973" project of the Ministry of Science and Technology, and Guo Guangcan, a professor at the University of Science and Technology of China, told reporters that the quantum communication is the most useful part of Quantum Communication in the short-term. The most useful part is quantum key distribution.

"The key obtained by transmitting a single quantum state of light (ie, a secret random number) is a quantum key. The so-called secret random number is a random number that no third party knows except the two sides of the communication." Wang Xiangbin said.

Classic communication uses the widest range of public key ciphers, the most typical of which is the mathematical problem of assuming large data decomposition. However, with the continuous improvement of computing power, especially the convergence of quantum computers in the future, the complexity of this mathematical problem can be solved. The mathematical methods based on classical secret communication cannot obtain strict mathematical proof. "One of the biggest selling points of quantum secure communication is that its security has obtained strict mathematical proof, which can also be explained by the basic principles of its basic quantum mechanics." Guo Guangcan said.

Li Jian said that at present, China has included quantum control technology with quantum communication system as the core in the major research plan of the National Medium- and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020). Since 2001, China has achieved many important research results in quantum communication research under the forward-looking support of the Ministry of Science and Technology's "973" plan, the "863" plan, the National Natural Science Foundation project, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences' knowledge innovation project.

What is the technical choice of quantum communication?

Is it necessary to take a new quantum communication technology route? Many experts and scholars interviewed by the reporter said that from the current actual situation, the integration of quantum communication networks with existing networks is its optimal development strategy. The Internet was not designed with full and in-depth consideration of its own security, which is one of the main reasons for the current network security problems.

"The road to the integration of quantum communication and classical communication is based on technical considerations, not on economic considerations." Guo Guangcan believes that the strong confidentiality of quantum communication is based on quantum key technology, the key It is also developed based on the particularity of quantum, while other communication technologies are not much different from traditional classic communication.

Yu Lan, a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a researcher at the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said in an interview with this reporter: "The practical application of quantum communication from the principle to a small-scale special problem is the direction that the whole world is working hard. China has a good start. There are also good academic leaders. The next step is to develop a clear positioning problem. One of the most important aspects is to pay attention to the integration of quantum communication with existing traditional communication, and to be good at learning from existing communication technologies. To develop quantum communication technology."

Many experts believe that the integration of quantum communication and classical networks needs to solve the problem of mutual integration of physical layer and networking technologies, relay technologies and communication application technologies. Since traditional optical communication may remain the main communication technology for a long time in the future, the realization of quantum communication networks on optical communication networks will be the basis for the integration of both parties.

In the reality of quantum communication, the fusion of quantum communication and existing traditional communication is a process of mutual learning and complementing each other. "Quantum communication will not completely replace the existing communication technology, but the existing technology will perfectly integrate the two in the physical layer, network layer and application layer." Guo Guangcan told reporters.

Guo Guangcan further explained that from the physical layer, it can be considered from the perspective of light source, detector and channel. "At the network layer, we can adopt independent channels and a unified network structure, or we can use a single fiber to transmit both quantum signals and classical signals."

At the application level, Guo Guangcan suggested that quantum communication can be combined with existing Internet security protocols to replace the initial password in the existing protocol with a quantum cipher. He said that this will result in more reliable security and a higher communication rate. For example, he said: "We use the quantum cipher to generate the seed key, and then use the traditional classical method to expand, so as to ensure the reliable security of the seed key, but also ensure high communication efficiency."

What are the achievements of China's quantum communication development?

The ancients sealed the envelope with lacquer, and once the letter was dismantled in transit, it would leave a "leakage" mark. It is not difficult to understand that quantum keys play a more thorough role in quantum communication than lacquer: once someone tries to open a letter, the quantum key will automatically destroy the letter and let the user know the situation. From this point of view, possessing this technological achievement has a great impact on the development of science and technology in China. In fact, in the field of quantum communication, China is already one of the few countries in the world with the most say, and the results are remarkable.

"Without the need for relaying, China's quantum communication technology can guarantee communication security at a distance of more than 200 kilometers. At this level, China is leading in the world." Guo Guangcan admits that this technology is applied to the real world. On the level, the safety distance can reach more than 100 kilometers. "China is at the same level as the developed countries such as the United States, Europe, and Japan."

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