With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, a wide range of innovative products have emerged, such as stretchable electronics, wearable devices, and electronic skins that mimic human characteristics. These technologies have captured significant attention from researchers due to their softness and flexibility, which closely resemble human skin or tissue. They can now be seamlessly integrated with the human body in ways that were previously unimaginable, enabling functions that were once considered impossible. Furthermore, these developments have the potential to greatly enhance human health, improve quality of life, and bring more convenience to daily living. As a result, experts believe that these technologies will open up new applications and breakthroughs in fields like human-computer interaction, electronic skin, and healthcare.
Currently, there are numerous studies on transparent stretchable conductors and electronic devices. Researchers have explored various approaches, including using specific geometric structures, intrinsic stretchable materials, and elastomeric composites to enhance device performance. However, creating large-scale, transparent, and stretchable tactile sensors remains a challenge. Recently, a research team led by Pan Caofeng at the Beijing Institute of Nano Energy and Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, introduced a Triboelectric Tactile Sensor (TETS) based on the principle of triboelectric nanogenerators. This device combines high transparency, pressure sensitivity, stretchability, and multi-touch capabilities, allowing for both biomechanical energy harvesting and tactile sensing. The study was published in *Advanced Materials* and offers a promising new direction for the development of transparent stretchable tactile sensors.
The researchers used electrospinning technology to fabricate large-area PVA nanofiber films coated with Ag nanofibers, which exhibit excellent electrical conductivity and optical transparency (resistance between 1.68–11.1 Ω/sq, light transmittance over 70%). Through careful device design, micromachining, and wet etching processes, they successfully created transparent, stretchable, and highly sensitive tactile sensors. The fabrication method is simple, cost-effective, and suitable for mass production. The team also investigated the tensile properties of Ag nanofibers with different orientations and analyzed the charge conduction mechanism under stress. Experiments showed that randomly oriented Ag nanofibers experienced only a 10% resistance change when stretched up to 100%, could detect pressures as low as 4.4 Pa, and had a response time of approximately 70 milliseconds. Additionally, by using an optimized cross-array structure, an 8×8 sensor array was able to track irregular motion patterns in real time. These sensors show great potential for use in human-computer interaction, self-powered robots, flexible displays, and wearable electronics.
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