1 Introduction
In recent years, China's power construction has developed rapidly, and power grid transformation has been initially completed in some areas. Users not only require electricity, but also require high-quality electricity to enjoy better service. Increasing the real-time settlement level of electricity tariffs in the power sector and establishing a regional and even national unified power market has become the consensus of all power sectors. The resulting improvement in traditional settlement methods.
Manual manual meter reading has a large workload and low work efficiency. At the same time, it is prone to confusion and errors, and it is easy to cause disputes between users and power supply companies.
In view of this, wireless (or wired) meter reading meters and IC card meters have appeared on the market. For example, a cable meter reading system based on a power line carrier, a wireless meter reading system based on a wireless communication network, a wireless meter reading system based on GPRS/CDMA, a cable meter reading system based on a cable television network, and an IC card meter.
2 Advantages and disadvantages of existing electric energy charging systems
2.1 Power line-based cable meter reading system
The power carrier is used as the underlying data channel of the automatic meter reading system, which can make full use of the existing power supply line, without separately setting up the communication network, and without the need for subsequent communication costs, economical and practical, and the collected data is better in real time. The low operating cost is undoubtedly very convenient. However, there are still many problems in using the low-voltage power line as the transmission channel. Firstly, the interference of the power line is very large, especially on the subscriber line, the high-order harmonics generated by the user's household appliances, switching power supplies, etc., and the on/off of various electrical equipment. The transient pulse interference and the wide-spectrum standing wave interference generated by the switching of various high-power switching devices and the like. The line characteristics in different places may be completely different. The type of line used and the load on the line will have a great influence on the transmission characteristics of high-frequency signals on the power line. Even for the same power line, the transmission characteristics will vary with each The change in the electrical load changes, which affects the long-distance transmission of the data signal. Secondly, the line needs to install the concentrator when going through the position of the transformer; when the transmission distance is long, the carrier signal is seriously attenuated and needs to be relayed, which increases the equipment investment.
2.2 Wireless meter reading system based on wireless communication network
The automatic meter reading system realized by wireless communication using radio waves is a good choice for data communication of a wide range of distributed and distributed meter collectors. This communication method is convenient for installation and debugging. However, the wireless signal belongs to the air transmission signal, and now various wireless signals are numerous, and adjacent two channels may interfere with each other.
2.3 Wireless meter reading system based on GPRS/CDMA
The wireless meter reading system based on GPRS/CDMA is a remote automatic centralized meter reading monitoring management analysis system realized by GPRS/CDMA wireless data transmission service. Because of its simple construction, reliable performance, high degree of automation and fast return on investment, it is well received by users. However, wireless meter reading systems based on GPRS/CDMA require a certain amount of data communication costs, which increases the operating cost of the meter reading system.
2.4 Cable TV network cable meter reading system
Resident collection based on cable television network is a collection scheme that utilizes the existing cable television communication network to realize the collection of residents.
As the communication mechanism commonly used by cable TV, the cable network provides frequency bandwidth (up to 1 GHz), good isochronous service performance, supports all existing and developed narrowband and broadband services, and provides users with cheap Power-based terminal equipment, which allows users to gradually increase their investment to join certain new communication services as needed, so that cable television networks occupy bandwidth, isochronism, compatibility and investment compared to other network environments. The advantage is to become the most competitive network for multimedia communication. The meter collecting system based on the cable television network is an ideal solution. However, the use of cable television networks for meter reading requires the establishment of data communication between the user meter and the cable television network. Completing such data communication requires equipment such as collectors and modems, which will increase the cost of the meter reading system. Moreover, the resident collection based on the cable television network also requires a certain communication fee, which will increase the operating cost of the meter reading system.
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