We have already seen the mobile phone "charged for five minutes, talked for two hours", but the new energy pickup truck "charged for 6 minutes, traveled 200 kilometers, and lived for 30 years!", do you believe it?
Recently, the news of the new energy pickup truck that “charged for 6 minutes, traveled 200 kilometers, and lasted for 30 years†caught the attention of Xiaobian. It is reported that the car uses Zhuhai Yinlong lithium titanate battery technology. Based on this, this paper analyzes the feasibility of “charging for 6 minutes, driving 200 kilometers†from the perspective of lithium titanate battery.
What is fast charge?
It is well known that during charging, lithium ions are generated on the positive electrode of the battery, and the lithium ion electrolyte moves from the positive electrode to the negative electrode and is embedded in the layered structure micropores of the negative electrode. The more lithium ions are embedded, the higher the charging capacity; During discharge, the lithium ions embedded in the negative electrode are removed and moved back to the positive electrode. The more lithium ions return to the positive electrode, the higher the discharge capacity.
Fast charging is to ensure that lithium ions are quickly embedded from the positive electrode and quickly embedded in the negative electrode without causing deposition of lithium ions. However, when the current is increased, the SEI film on the surface of the electrode negative electrode is broken, and the electrode material and the electrolyte react with each other. However, an increase in temperature during rapid charging causes decomposition of the electrolyte and deposition of deposits on the electrodes, resulting in a decrease in reversibility and a decrease in battery capacity.
What is a lithium titanate battery?
Take the lithium titanate battery technology of Zhuhai Yinlong Group as an example. The lithium titanate battery is a lithium ion battery using lithium titanate as a negative electrode, and the positive electrode material may be lithium manganate, a ternary material or lithium iron phosphate. Lithium titanate batteries have significant advantages in terms of safety performance, charge and discharge, and cycle life. According to the official data of Yinlong, lithium titanate batteries are characterized by high safety, fast charging, wide temperature resistance and long life.
Conventional materials for power batteries cannot avoid the problem of reduced battery capacity during fast charging. Lithium titanate replaces graphite as the negative electrode, and the experimental data proves that the number of rapid charge and discharge can be as high as 30,000 times.
The industry has different views on lithium titanate batteries
Lithium titanate batteries are used in the field of new energy vehicles, and different people hold different opinions.
Supporters believe that lithium titanate batteries are suitable for use in the field of power batteries. Previously, Gree Electric Dong Mingzhu insisted on acquiring Zhuhai Yinlong, and she was interested in its lithium titanate battery technology. Dong Mingzhu believes that Yinlong, which has outstanding achievements in the field of energy storage, is bound to have greater achievements in the field of new energy vehicle power batteries. Therefore, the Yinlong New Energy Pickup Truck, which is "charged for 6 minutes and travels 200 kilometers", is the first step of Dong Mingzhu's car-making plan.
However, the views of the opponents are also worth pondering. Lu, the director of the New Energy Materials and Technology Laboratory of Peking University and the head of the national “Eleventh Five-Year†863 electric vehicle power lithium battery project, has clearly stated in public that “the lithium titanate battery can be used as a power source or energy storage device, but the application It is not suitable as a power source in electric vehicles. He also stressed that lithium titanate batteries are not advanced technology and have low energy density and are not suitable as power sources.
It is understood that lithium titanate is used as a negative electrode, the capacity is only 160-170 mAh / g (mA / gram), while the mainstream traditional graphite is 310-370 mAh / g. At the same time, the battery energy specific density calculation formula is as follows: energy density (Wh / L) = battery capacity (mAh) & TImes; 3.7 (V) / thickness (cm) / width (cm) / length (cm)
According to the formula, in the case of the same battery capacity, the energy is larger than the battery with a lower density. In other words, running the same distance, the low-energy-density battery is larger, and the more space is occupied.
Although Wei Yincang, chairman of Zhuhai Yinlong, has repeatedly stated that the latest generation of high-energy density silver-lanthanide lithium titanate battery has a 40% reduction in cost and a 60% increase in energy density compared with the previous generation. But the industry is skeptical about this.
In addition, there are also neutrals who believe that lithium titanate batteries are superior in economics to lithium batteries commonly used in the market because of their long lifespan advantages; their advantages of fast charge and discharge are suitable for power sources that require long periods of intermittent use. Large vehicles, especially city buses, may be more appropriate.
High cost and imperfect supporting facilities
Building a car not only considers performance issues, but also considers cost issues.
The cost of a lithium titanate battery cell is 1.5-2 times that of a conventional battery. This means that the battery cost of Yinlong New Energy pickup will be much higher than the cost of ordinary new energy pickup trucks.
Furthermore, although the state has subsidies for new energy vehicles, the latest new energy vehicle subsidy policy has made battery energy density a standard for subsidies. The specific requirements for battery energy density are: the mass energy density of the pure electric passenger car power battery system is not less than 90Wh/kg, and the subsidy is 1.1 times higher than 120Wh/kg. The energy density of non-fast charge pure electric bus battery system is higher than 85Wh/kg. The special vehicle loading power battery system has a mass energy density of not less than 90Wh/kg. This is not good news for lithium titanate battery companies with low battery energy density.
In addition, lithium titanate battery vehicles need special charging facilities. At present, lithium titanate battery car charging facilities are not perfect, and it requires a lot of money for its construction, and it will also be a long-term process. Finally, compared with the more mature lithium iron phosphate battery and ternary material battery, the mass base of lithium titanate battery is weak. It is quite difficult for consumers to spend more money to pay for the immature technology.
Currently, the news reveals the pricing of the electric pickup truck. However, I believe the car's pricing should not be too high. How to reduce costs from other components is still unknown
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