Researchers at Stanford University have recently developed a new battery cathode using nanocomposites made of copper compounds that can be recharged 40,000 times. Professor Cui Yi, associate professor of materials science and engineering at Stanford University, said: "Because the technology is inexpensive and durable, it can meet the large-scale energy storage needs of the power grid."
Cui Yi said: "This research provides solutions for wind power and solar energy that cause sudden drop in power generation due to the weather. Because we can't guarantee that every day is a sunny day, and we can't guarantee the daily wind, so if we want to develop on a large scale Optoelectronics, intermittent is its main obstacle.If we can have an efficient, durable and reusable battery, then we can store excess power generated by wind energy and solar energy. At the same time, the cost of the battery should not be too expensive. Otherwise, no commercial expansion can be achieved."
Reaching 40,000 Charges and Discharges At present, researchers at Stanford University have partially realized the idea that a new electrode using copper compound nanomaterials can maintain its battery capacity of 83% after repeated charging 40,000 times. However, the number of charge and discharge times of conventional lithium-ion batteries is 400, and then the capacity drops rapidly. Stanford University's Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering Colin Wells said: "Through several charge-discharge experiments a day, we expect the electrode to have a useful life of 30 years." The current research has been published in Nature Communications. In the magazine, Kline Wales is the main author.
The co-author of the study, Cui Wei's tutor, Cui Yi, said: "Battery can be recharged so many times, performance did not diminish, this is a breakthrough."
Researchers first used Prussian blue (ie, ferrocyanide). They then replaced one half of the iron with copper, used the resulting compound to make crystalline nanoparticles, and applied the particles to a cloth-like carbon matrix. Then, they immersed this electrode in a potassium nitrate electrolyte solution. Colin Wells said: "Because potassium ions can move freely, the charge and discharge cycles of the electrodes are very fast, which is very important."
According to reports, the new battery uses cheap materials for chemical reactions. The principle is the same as that of lithium ion. Sodium or potassium ions move between the electrodes for charge and discharge. Cui Yi said: "To connect storage power, the battery will be very large, and sodium and potassium are attractive, because they are more productive and cheaper."
Stronger than lithium-ion batteries Cui Yi led the research group There is a lot of research is based on lithium ions, lithium-ion batteries have high energy density, which means that they are relatively small, more suitable for portable electronic products such as notebooks Computer and so on. However, when it comes to energy storage in the grid, energy density is not as important. You can have a battery that is as big as a house. It doesn't need to be portable. In addition, the cost is also a big consideration.
Some components of lithium-ion batteries are expensive, and it is unclear how large the cost of building a large-scale lithium-ion battery for grid energy storage is. Wells said: "At that time, we thought that if we want to develop batteries for energy storage in the grid, we should consider raw materials other than lithium ions. The materials we choose, such as iron, copper and nitrogen, are very cheap. We use aqueous electrolyte instead of organic electrolyte, and the cost is reduced."
The main limitation of the new electrode is its chemical properties that make it suitable only as a high voltage electrode. However, each battery requires two electrodes - a high-voltage cathode and a low-voltage anode, to generate electricity by a voltage difference. Researchers need to find another kind of material to make an anode before they can make a battery. Cui Yi said: "At present, they are testing various substances to make anodes, and there are already some potential suitable materials."
Robert Huggins, emeritus professor of the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Stanford University, said that although no complete battery has been formed at present, the performance of the new electrode has exceeded that of any existing battery. This discovery provides a good solution for energy storage in wind power systems. Cui Yi said: “The electrode materials that have been developed have great prospects in the laboratory stage, but there are difficulties in commercialization. There is no such problem for this new electrode. Commercialization of new electrodes is not difficult. We will chemical substances. Put in the flask to get the electrode material, you can get more raw materials. We don't have great technical challenges to produce this kind of battery."
The new electrode has a lower charge capacity. In addition, there are also industry insiders who have presented this technology with deficiencies. Jay Whitaker, professor of materials science and engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, said: "This electrode has a good cycle time compared to other electrodes, but it also has its own shortcomings. Its charge capacity is low, per gram. When the material has a capacity of only 60 mAh, compared to the manganese oxide cathode of 100 mAh, although the cost is low, the cost of using copper instead of iron has increased.
Donald Shadevi, professor of materials science and engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said: "The most important indicator for large-scale grid-connected storage is the price of energy generated by each charging cycle. This new material has a clear advantage because it can be realized. With tens of thousands of cycles of charge and discharge, the cost will also be reduced. The overall performance will be better than sodium-sulfur batteries."
According to Battery Researcher Christophe Johnson of Argonne National Laboratories, “In addition to cost and cycle time, the round-trip energy efficiency is also very important for grid energy storage so that no energy is wasted during the charging process. The cost of the electrode, however, is excellent for its efficiency and cycle life.†Researchers also need to develop an anode to form a complete battery cell. â€
Cui Yi said: "This research provides solutions for wind power and solar energy that cause sudden drop in power generation due to the weather. Because we can't guarantee that every day is a sunny day, and we can't guarantee the daily wind, so if we want to develop on a large scale Optoelectronics, intermittent is its main obstacle.If we can have an efficient, durable and reusable battery, then we can store excess power generated by wind energy and solar energy. At the same time, the cost of the battery should not be too expensive. Otherwise, no commercial expansion can be achieved."
Reaching 40,000 Charges and Discharges At present, researchers at Stanford University have partially realized the idea that a new electrode using copper compound nanomaterials can maintain its battery capacity of 83% after repeated charging 40,000 times. However, the number of charge and discharge times of conventional lithium-ion batteries is 400, and then the capacity drops rapidly. Stanford University's Graduate School of Materials Science and Engineering Colin Wells said: "Through several charge-discharge experiments a day, we expect the electrode to have a useful life of 30 years." The current research has been published in Nature Communications. In the magazine, Kline Wales is the main author.
The co-author of the study, Cui Wei's tutor, Cui Yi, said: "Battery can be recharged so many times, performance did not diminish, this is a breakthrough."
Researchers first used Prussian blue (ie, ferrocyanide). They then replaced one half of the iron with copper, used the resulting compound to make crystalline nanoparticles, and applied the particles to a cloth-like carbon matrix. Then, they immersed this electrode in a potassium nitrate electrolyte solution. Colin Wells said: "Because potassium ions can move freely, the charge and discharge cycles of the electrodes are very fast, which is very important."
According to reports, the new battery uses cheap materials for chemical reactions. The principle is the same as that of lithium ion. Sodium or potassium ions move between the electrodes for charge and discharge. Cui Yi said: "To connect storage power, the battery will be very large, and sodium and potassium are attractive, because they are more productive and cheaper."
Stronger than lithium-ion batteries Cui Yi led the research group There is a lot of research is based on lithium ions, lithium-ion batteries have high energy density, which means that they are relatively small, more suitable for portable electronic products such as notebooks Computer and so on. However, when it comes to energy storage in the grid, energy density is not as important. You can have a battery that is as big as a house. It doesn't need to be portable. In addition, the cost is also a big consideration.
Some components of lithium-ion batteries are expensive, and it is unclear how large the cost of building a large-scale lithium-ion battery for grid energy storage is. Wells said: "At that time, we thought that if we want to develop batteries for energy storage in the grid, we should consider raw materials other than lithium ions. The materials we choose, such as iron, copper and nitrogen, are very cheap. We use aqueous electrolyte instead of organic electrolyte, and the cost is reduced."
The main limitation of the new electrode is its chemical properties that make it suitable only as a high voltage electrode. However, each battery requires two electrodes - a high-voltage cathode and a low-voltage anode, to generate electricity by a voltage difference. Researchers need to find another kind of material to make an anode before they can make a battery. Cui Yi said: "At present, they are testing various substances to make anodes, and there are already some potential suitable materials."
Robert Huggins, emeritus professor of the School of Materials Science and Engineering at Stanford University, said that although no complete battery has been formed at present, the performance of the new electrode has exceeded that of any existing battery. This discovery provides a good solution for energy storage in wind power systems. Cui Yi said: “The electrode materials that have been developed have great prospects in the laboratory stage, but there are difficulties in commercialization. There is no such problem for this new electrode. Commercialization of new electrodes is not difficult. We will chemical substances. Put in the flask to get the electrode material, you can get more raw materials. We don't have great technical challenges to produce this kind of battery."
The new electrode has a lower charge capacity. In addition, there are also industry insiders who have presented this technology with deficiencies. Jay Whitaker, professor of materials science and engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, said: "This electrode has a good cycle time compared to other electrodes, but it also has its own shortcomings. Its charge capacity is low, per gram. When the material has a capacity of only 60 mAh, compared to the manganese oxide cathode of 100 mAh, although the cost is low, the cost of using copper instead of iron has increased.
Donald Shadevi, professor of materials science and engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said: "The most important indicator for large-scale grid-connected storage is the price of energy generated by each charging cycle. This new material has a clear advantage because it can be realized. With tens of thousands of cycles of charge and discharge, the cost will also be reduced. The overall performance will be better than sodium-sulfur batteries."
According to Battery Researcher Christophe Johnson of Argonne National Laboratories, “In addition to cost and cycle time, the round-trip energy efficiency is also very important for grid energy storage so that no energy is wasted during the charging process. The cost of the electrode, however, is excellent for its efficiency and cycle life.†Researchers also need to develop an anode to form a complete battery cell. â€
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