LED (Light Emitting Diode) has been widely used in various types of lighting as a new type of lighting product. In order to strengthen energy-saving management, promote energy-saving technology and improve energy efficiency, many countries in the world have standardized the energy efficiency of LED lighting products. In January 2008, China began to incorporate lighting products into energy efficiency management measures in the third batch of energy efficiency label implementation products. The United States mainly required energy efficiency for LED lighting in its Energy Star (ES) certification. The EU's energy efficiency requirements for LED lighting are mainly reflected in the “Framework Directive for the Ecodesign Design Requirements for Energy-Efficient Products†(ErP Directive).
1. China Energy Efficiency Standard
In recent years, in order to adapt to the development of the LED lighting industry, China has stepped up its research on LED lighting product standards, and has formulated standards for energy efficiency and performance for non-directional self-ballasted LED lamps.
1.1 Non-directional self-ballasted LED lamp energy efficiency requirements
According to the provisions of GB30255-2013, the standard divides the non-directional self-ballasted LED lamps into two types: full light distribution and semi-light distribution/quasi-complete light distribution. The energy efficiency grade is divided into three grades according to the initial light effect value (lm/W). See Table 1 for details.
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1.2 Non-directional self-ballasted LED lamp performance requirements
The performance of non-directional self-ballasted LED lamps shall comply with the requirements of GB/T24908. GB/T24908-2014 specifies the performance of non-directional self-ballasted LED lamps from lamp power, power factor, initial efficacy/light flux, color characteristics, lifetime, and electromagnetic compatibility. The standard also divides the initial light effect of the lamp into three levels, as shown in Table 2.
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It is not difficult to see from Table 1 and Table 2 that the limit value of GB30255-2013 for the energy efficiency rating of non-directional self-ballasted LED lamps is higher than that specified in GB/T24908-2014. When the manufacturer signs the energy efficiency of the product, it should refer to the above two standards at the same time, and the energy efficiency rating should meet the limits in GB30255-2013.
2. EU energy efficiency standards
The EU ErP Directive stipulates the general ecological requirements and special ecological requirements of energy-consuming products, and based on this, has developed a series of specific product ecological design requirements and implementation measures.
2.1 LED lamp energy efficiency rating
The European Union (EU) No 874/2012 energy efficiency labeling regulations clarify the energy efficiency rating and energy efficiency labeling of incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, high-intensity discharge lamps, LED lamps and modules, and lamps that use these lamps and are sold to end users. Provisions. The regulation divides the lamps into two categories: directional lamps and non-directional lamps, and specifies the Energy Efficiency Index (EEI), as shown in Table 3.
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The calculation of the energy efficiency index (EEI) is as shown in Equation 1.
EEI=Pcor/Pref (Formula 1)
Pcor: is the correction of the rated power (Prated) measured by the lamp at the rated input voltage. For LEDs, if an external control is used, Prated needs to multiply a factor of 1.1; in other cases, Pcor is equal to the value of Prated.
Pref: is the reference power of the lamp, which is calculated by the effective luminous flux (Φuse) of the lamp by Equation 2 or Equation 3.
Effective luminous flux 1300Φuse< lm: Pref=0.88√Φuse +0.049 Φuse (Equation 2)
Effective luminous flux 1300Φuse ≥ lm: Pref =0.07341Φuse (Equation 3)
2.2 Requirements for non-directional household LED lights
(EC) No 244/2009 regulations divide LED lamps into transparent LED lamps and opaque LED lamps. The energy efficiency of LED lamps is represented by the maximum rated power Pmax, and the maximum rated power Pmax is related to the luminous flux (Φ) of the lamp. See table 4 below.
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2.3 Energy efficiency requirements for directional LED lights
(EU) No 1194/2012 The regulations categorize LED lights into directional LEDs and non-directional LEDs, but this regulation only specifies the energy efficiency of directional LEDs. The maximum energy efficiency index (EEI) of directional LED lamps shall not exceed 0.50 from September 1, 2013, and shall not exceed 0.20 from September 1, 2016. At the same time, the regulations from the lamp burning point 6000 hours of residual rate and lumen maintenance rate, switching times, start-up time, 95% luminous flux preheating time, premature failure rate, color rendering index, color consistency and power factor nine indicators The ecological performance of LED lamps is required.
From the perspective of the EU energy efficiency standard system, the EU ErP Directive currently only has energy efficiency requirements for non-directional LED lights. The ecological design requirements for directional LED lamps shall comply with the requirements of (EU) No 194/2012. The maximum rated power of non-directional LED lamps shall comply with the requirements of (EC) No 244/2009, and the energy efficiency classification and marking of LED lamps shall comply with (EU) No 874/2012.
3. US energy efficiency standards
ENERGY STAR is a product energy efficiency certification program jointly launched by the US Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency. The program specifies the energy efficiency and related performance of LED light engines and integrated LED lamps in residential lighting fixtures, meeting their standard requirements. The product can be labeled with the Energy Star logo.
3.1 LED light engine energy efficiency requirements
The Energy Star Residential Lighting Certification Program (version 4.2) provides energy efficiency requirements for residential indoor or outdoor lighting using LED Light Engines. The light effect of an unlit LED light engine is greater than 50 lm/W, and the light effect of a covered LED light engine is greater than 40 lm/W.
3.2 Integral LED lamp energy efficiency requirements
The ENERGY STAR Integrated LED Light Certification Program (Version 1.4) specifies the luminous efficacy, luminous flux, light intensity, color temperature, operating voltage, operating frequency, color rendering index, noise, and packaging of the integrated LED lamp. The non-standard LED lamps and non-directional LED lamps with power less than 10W have an optical effect greater than 50 lm/W; the non-standard LED lamps with non-directional LED lamps with a power greater than or equal to 10 W have a light effect greater than 55 lm/W. The light effect of the decorative LED lamp is greater than 40 lm/W. For directional LED lamps, depending on their size, the energy efficiency requirements are also different. The directional LED lamps with lamp diameter ≤ 20/8 inches have a light effect greater than 40 lm/W; the other directional LED lamps have a light effect greater than 45 lm/W.
4. Conclusion
In summary, the energy efficiency standards for LED lighting products in China are similar to those of the US Energy Star. They use light efficiency as a limit value for energy efficiency, but the US Energy Star has a wide range of requirements for energy efficiency standards for LED lighting products. Standard research and updates are much faster. However, from the limit of the minimum luminous efficiency requirements of non-directional LED lamps, China's limit value is about 20% higher than that of the US Energy Star.
The energy efficiency standards for LED lighting products in the EU are quite different from those of China and the US Energy Star. The classification of energy efficiency rating is determined by the energy efficiency index (EEI). According to the calculation formula of Section 2.1, it is easy to see that to determine the energy efficiency index of LED lamps, it is necessary to measure and calculate the power, total luminous flux, beam angle, and effective luminous flux. It is obviously more complicated. At the same time, it also increases the cost of testing the enterprise.
Based on the shortcomings in the research and formulation of energy efficiency standards for LED lighting products in China, on the one hand, we need to keep up with the international pace, strengthen cooperation with countries such as Europe and the United States, and need to learn from the standards of Europe and the United States, according to China itself. Features, formulate standards in line with China's own industrial development; on the other hand, we must actively play the role of enterprises under the leadership of the state administrative department, especially the role of large enterprises, benchmark enterprises, quality demonstration safety zones, etc. While improving the quality of its own products, we will actively carry out standard research and participate in the formulation of standards, especially focusing on the research and formulation of standards for new products and new technologies, and strive to be at the forefront of the international industry. For China's industrial transformation and upgrading, that is, the contribution from "Made in China" to "Created in China".
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