1 Introduction This topic is the design of the rear drive axle for low-speed trucks. Designed a small low-speed truck rear axle, including the final reducer, differential, drive wheel drive and axle housing, etc., to coordinate the design of the vehicle as a whole.
1.1 Source, basic preconditions and technical requirements of this Question
a. Source of this topic: Light-duty trucks account for a large proportion of automobile production. The drive axle is very important in the whole vehicle. The design of a drive axle with simple structure, reliable operation and low cost can greatly reduce the total cost of vehicle production and promote the development of automobile economy.
b. The basic premise to complete this topic is: in the case of the main parameters are determined, the design of the drive axle components, select the best solution.
c. Technical requirements: The designed transaxle meets the standards of national light trucks [1], and the operation is stable and reliable, and the cost is reduced, which is suitable for the driving conditions and national conditions of the domestic road.
1.2 The main problems to be solved in this topic and the overall design ideas
a. The main problem solved by this topic is to design a transaxle suitable for this topic. The overall task of the automotive drive train is to transfer the power of the engine to suit the needs of the car. In the mechanical transmission of a general automobile, the transmission cannot fully solve the contradiction between the engine characteristics and the driving requirements of the vehicle and the structural arrangement. First of all, because most of the engines are placed in the longitudinal direction of the car, in order to transmit the torque to the left and right drive wheels, the final drive of the transaxle must be used to change the direction of torque transmission. The differential of the drive axle solves the torque distribution problem and differential requirements between the left and right drive wheels. Secondly, the power transmitted through the transmission and the transmission shaft must be passed through the final drive of the transaxle to further increase the torque and reduce the change of the rotational speed. Therefore, in order to make the design of the car axle reasonable, first of all, the total gear ratio of the drive train must be selected and properly distributed to the transmission and drive axle.
b. The overall idea of ​​the design of the subject: the axle housing of the non-breaking drive axle is equivalent to the hollow beam with complex force, which requires sufficient strength and rigidity, and at the same time minimizes its weight. The selected reducer ratio should be able to meet the best power and fuel economy of the car under given conditions of use. For trucks, because they sometimes encounter bumpy and bad roads, their drive axles are required to have enough ground clearance to meet the car's requirements for passability. The noise of the drive axle is mainly from gears and other transmission components. Improving their machining accuracy, assembly accuracy, and enhancing the support stiffness of the gear are effective measures to reduce the working noise of the drive axle. Under the premise of ensuring its strength, rigidity, reliability and longevity, the components of the drive axle should reduce the unsprung mass to reduce the impact load of the uneven road on the drive axle, thus improving the ride comfort.
1.3 Expected results The drive axle of the small low-speed truck was designed, including the main reducer, the differential, the drive of the drive wheel and the axle housing. Cooperate with other students in the same group to coordinate the design of the vehicle. The designed product is easy to use, uses the least amount of materials, and has the highest economic performance.
a. Improve the technical level of the car to make it more usable, safer, more reliable, more economical, more comfortable, more maneuverable, more convenient, more motivating and less polluting.
b. Improve the economic performance of the car and adjust the grade of the car in the product line in order to improve its competitive position in the market and obtain greater economic benefits.
2 Introduction of the development status and status quo at home and abroad In order to adapt to the requirements of continuously improving the socialist market economic system and the new situation of the development of the domestic and international automobile industry after joining the WTO, we will promote the structural adjustment and upgrading of the automobile industry and comprehensively improve the international competitiveness of the automobile industry. To meet the growing consumer demand for automotive products, promote the healthy development of the automotive industry, and develop a car industry development policy. Through the implementation of this policy, China's automobile industry will develop into a pillar industry of the national economy by 2010, and make greater contributions to the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. According to the mandatory requirements of administrative regulations and technical specifications, government functional departments shall implement management of automobiles, agricultural transport vehicles (low-speed trucks and three-wheeled vehicles, the same below), motorcycles and parts manufacturers and their products, and regulate various types of products. The market behavior of economic entities in the automotive industry. Low-speed trucks have a good development prospect in the development trend of automobiles. Producing low-quality trucks of good quality, easy operation and low price will suit the needs of most consumers. While the country is actively investing in and supporting the development of the automobile industry, it is possible to develop vehicles suitable for China's national conditions, including road conditions and economic conditions, which will greatly promote the development of the automobile industry and the improvement of the social economy.
In the new policy "Automotive Industry Development Policy", before 2010, China will become the world's major automobile manufacturing country, and automotive products will meet most of the domestic market demand and enter the international market in batches; in 2010, automobile manufacturers will form a number of well-known The brand of automobile, motorcycle and parts products; through the market competition to form several large-scale automobile enterprise groups with international competitiveness, and strive to enter the ranks of the world's top 500 enterprises by 2010, and so on. At the same time, it is encouraging to include many comprehensive goals related to industrial quality improvement and market environment improvement in the blueprint for this new automobile industry policy. However, it is undeniable that the status quo of the domestic automobile industry is still far from the goal of industrial policy. Since the promulgation and implementation of the "Automotive Industry Industrial Policy" in 1994, the domestic automobile industry structure has undergone significant changes, the scale efficiency of enterprises has been significantly improved, and the industrial concentration has been improved to some extent. However, the problem of scattered, chaotic and low-level redundant construction that has long plagued the development of China's automobile industry has not been fundamentally resolved. Most entrepreneurs expect that, with the encouragement of new automobile industry policies, more and more automobile manufacturers will form enterprise alliances according to market rules to achieve complementary advantages and resource sharing.
3 The overall scheme demonstrates that there are three types of structural forms of the transaxle in terms of the overall layout, namely a common non-disconnected transaxle, a non-disconnected transaxle with a swinging half shaft and a disconnected transaxle.
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